I-3G – inethiwekhi yeselula yesizukulwane sesithathu ishintshe indlela esixhumana ngayo sisebenzisa amadivayisi eselula. Amanethiwekhi e-4G athuthukisiwe ngamanani edatha angcono kakhulu kanye nolwazi lomsebenzisi. I-5G izokwazi ukuhlinzeka nge-broadband yeselula efinyelela kuma-gigabits ayi-10 ngomzuzwana ngokubambezeleka okuphansi kwama-millisecond ambalwa.
Uyini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-4G ne-5G?
Isivinini
Uma kukhulunywa nge-5G, isivinini yinto yokuqala wonke umuntu ayijabulelayo ngobuchwepheshe. Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe be-LTE buyakwazi ukukala idatha kufika ku-1 GBPS kumanethiwekhi e-4G. Ubuchwepheshe be-5G buzosekela izinga ledatha kufika ku-5 kuya ku-10 GBPS kumadivayisi eselula nangaphezulu kwe-20 GBPS ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
I-5G ingasekela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa idatha efana nokusakaza kwe-multimedia ye-4K HD, i-augmented reality (AR) kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-virtual reality (VR). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusebenzisa amagagasi e-millimeter, izinga ledatha lingakhushulwa ngaphezu kwama-GBP angu-40 ngisho nakufika ku-GBP angu-100 kumanethiwekhi e-5G azayo.
Amagagasi e-millimeter anomkhawulokudonsa obanzi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namabhendi emvamisa ye-bandwidth aphansi asetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe be-4G. Ngomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu, izinga ledatha lingatholakala liphezulu.
Ukubambezeleka
I-Latency yigama elisetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi ukukala ukubambezeleka kwamaphakethe esignali afinyelela kusuka kwenye i-node kuya kwenye. Kumanethiwekhi eselula, kungachazwa njengesikhathi esithathwa amasignali omsakazo ukuhamba kusuka esiteshini sesisekelo kuya kumadivayisi eselula (i-UE) kanye nokuphikisana nalokho.
Ukubambezeleka kwenethiwekhi ye-4G kuphakathi kwama-millisecond angu-200 kuya kwangu-100. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-5G, onjiniyela bakwazile ukufeza nokukhombisa ukubambezeleka okuphansi kwama-millisecond angu-1 kuya kwangu-3. Ukubambezeleka okuphansi kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni eziningi ezibalulekile zomsebenzi ngakho-ke ubuchwepheshe be-5G bufaneleka ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zokubambezeleka okuphansi.
Isibonelo: izimoto ezizishayela zona, ukuhlinzwa okukude, ukusebenza kwe-drone njll.…
Ubuchwepheshe Obuthuthukisiwe
Ukuze kufezwe izinsizakalo ze-latency ezisheshayo kakhulu neziphansi, i-5G kufanele isebenzise amagama asezingeni eliphezulu enethiwekhi njengamagagasi e-millimeter, i-MIMO, i-beamforming, ukuxhumana kwedivayisi kuya kudivayisi kanye nemodi egcwele ye-duplex.
Ukukhipha i-Wi-Fi kungenye indlela ephakanyisiwe ku-5G yokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwedatha nokunciphisa umthwalo eziteshini eziyisisekelo. Amadivayisi eselula angaxhuma ku-LAN engenantambo etholakalayo futhi enze yonke imisebenzi (izwi nedatha) esikhundleni sokuxhuma eziteshini eziyisisekelo.
Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe be-4G kanye ne-LTE busebenzisa amasu okuguqula i-modulation afana ne-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) kanye ne-Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK). Ukuze kunqotshwe eminye yemikhawulo ezinhlelweni zokuguqula i-4G, inqubo ye-Amplitude Phase-Shift Keying yesimo esiphakeme ingenye yezinto ezicatshangelwayo kubuchwepheshe be-5G.
Ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi
Ezizukulwaneni zangaphambilini zamanethiwekhi eselula, amaNethiwekhi Okufinyelela Umsakazo atholakala eduze kwesiteshi sesisekelo. Ama-RAN endabuko ayinkimbinkimbi, adinga ingqalasizinda ebizayo, ukulungiswa njalo kanye nokusebenza kahle okulinganiselwe.
Ubuchwepheshe be-5G buzosebenzisa i-Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) ukuze kusebenze kahle. Abaqhubi benethiwekhi bangahlinzeka nge-inthanethi esheshayo kakhulu kusuka kunethiwekhi yokufinyelela umsakazo esekwe emafini.
I-inthanethi Yezinto
I-Internet of Things ingenye igama elikhulu elivame ukuxoxwa ngalo ngobuchwepheshe be-5G. I-5G izoxhumanisa izigidigidi zamadivayisi nezinzwa ezihlakaniphile kwi-inthanethi. Ngokungafani nobuchwepheshe be-4G, inethiwekhi ye-5G izokwazi ukuphatha ivolumu enkulu yedatha evela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi njengekhaya elihlakaniphile, i-IoT yezimboni, ukunakekelwa kwempilo okuhlakaniphile, amadolobha ahlakaniphile njll.…
Esinye isicelo esikhulu se-5G uhlobo lokuxhumana komshini nomshini. Izimoto ezizimele zizolawula imigwaqo yesikhathi esizayo ngosizo lwezinsizakalo ze-5G ezisezingeni eliphansi.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Narrow Band – Internet of Things (NB – IoT) ezifana nokukhanyisa okuhlakaniphile, amamitha ahlakaniphile, kanye nezixazululo zokupaka ezihlakaniphile, imephu yesimo sezulu izosetshenziswa kusetshenziswa inethiwekhi ye-5G.
Izixazululo Ezithembekile Kakhulu
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-4G, amadivayisi e-5G esikhathi esizayo azohlinzeka ngezixazululo ezihlala zixhunyiwe, ezithembeke kakhulu futhi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Muva nje i-Qualcomm yethule imodemu yayo ye-5G yamadivayisi ahlakaniphile namakhompyutha omuntu siqu esikhathi esizayo.
I-5G izokwazi ukuphatha ivolumu enkulu yedatha evela ezigidini zamadivayisi futhi inethiwekhi ingalinganiswa ukuze ithuthukiswe. Amanethiwekhi e-4G kanye ne-LTE amanje anomkhawulo ngokwevolumu yedatha, isivinini, ukubambezeleka kanye nokwanda kwenethiwekhi. Ubuchwepheshe be-5G buzokwazi ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga futhi buhlinzeke ngezixazululo ezingabizi kakhulu kubahlinzeki bezinsizakalo kanye nabasebenzisi bokugcina.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-21-2022