Uma ukubala kusondela emikhawulweni ebonakalayo yejubane lewashi, siphendukela kuma-multi-core architectures.Uma ukuxhumana kusondela emikhawulweni ebonakalayo yesivinini sokudlulisela, siphendukela kumasistimu anezimpondo eziningi.Yiziphi izinzuzo eziholele ekutheni ososayensi nonjiniyela bakhethe izimpondo eziningi njengesisekelo se-5G nokunye ukuxhumana okungenantambo?Nakuba ukwehlukahlukana kwendawo kwakuyisisusa sokuqala sokwengeza izinti eziteshini eziyisisekelo, kwatholakala maphakathi nawo-1990s ukuthi ukufaka izimpondo eziningi ohlangothini lwe-Tx kanye/noma lwe-Rx kwavula amanye amathuba abengabonwa ngezinhlelo ze-antenna eyodwa.Manje ake sichaze amasu amathathu amakhulu kulo mongo.
**Kuyakhanya **
I-Beamforming ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko lapho ungqimba olubonakalayo lwamanethiwekhi eselula e-5G lusekelwe khona.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene ze-beamforming:
I-Classical beamforming, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Line-of-Sight (LoS) noma i-beamforming ebonakalayo
I-beamforming ejwayelekile, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) noma i-beamforming ebonakalayo
Umqondo ngalezi zinhlobo zombili zokwakheka kwe-beamform ukusebenzisa izimpondo eziningi ukuthuthukisa amandla esiginali kumsebenzisi othile, kuyilapho kucindezela amasiginali emithonjeni ephazamisayo.Njengesifaniso, izihlungi zedijithali zishintsha okuqukethwe kwesignali kusizinda samafrikhwensi ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-spectral filtering.Ngendlela efanayo, i-beamforming ishintsha okuqukethwe kwesignali kusizinda sendawo.Yingakho futhi kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlunga kwendawo.
Ukwenza i-beamforming kunomlando omude ekucubunguleni isignali ama-algorithms wezinhlelo ze-sonar ne-radar.Ikhiqiza imishayo yangempela esikhaleni yokudlulisela noma yokwamukela futhi ngaleyo ndlela ihlobene eduze ne-engeli yokufika (AoA) noma i-engeli yokusuka (AoD) yesiginali.Ngokufanayo nendlela i-OFDM edala ngayo imifudlana ehambisanayo kusizinda samafrikhwensi, ukwakheka kwebhamu kwakudala noma okungokomzimba kudala imishayo ehambisanayo esizindeni esiyi-angular.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekwenziweni kwayo okusenyameni okulula kakhulu, ukwakheka okujwayelekile okujwayelekile noma okubonakalayo kusho ukudlulisa (noma ukwamukela) amasiginali afanayo ukusuka ku-Tx (noma i-Rx) ethintwayo ngayinye enezigaba ezifanele kanye nokuzuza izisindo ukuze amandla esiginali akhuliswe kumsebenzisi othile.Ngokungafani nokuqondisa umugqa ohlangothini oluthile, ukudluliswa noma ukwamukela kwenzeka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, kodwa ukhiye uwukwengeza ngendlela eyakhayo amakhophi amaningi esiginali ngasohlangothini lokwamukela ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela yokufiphala kwezindlela eziningi.
**I-Spatial Multiplexing**
Kumodi yokuphindaphinda kwendawo, ukusakaza kwedatha okokufaka kuhlukaniswa kwaba ukusakaza okuningi okuhambisanayo esizindeni sendawo, ukusakaza ngakunye bese kudluliselwa ngamaketanga e-Tx ahlukene.Inqobo nje uma izindlela zesiteshi zifika zisuka eengeli ezihlukene ngokwanele kuzimpondo ze-Rx, cishe akukho ukuhlobana, amasu okucubungula isignali yedijithali (DSP) angaguqula i-wireless medium ibe amashaneli afanayo azimele.Le modi ye-MIMO ibe yisici esikhulu sokuhleleka kobukhulu bezinga ledatha yezinhlelo zesimanje ezingenazintambo, njengoba ulwazi oluzimele luhanjiswa kanyekanye lusuka ezintilini eziningi ngomkhawulokudonsa ofanayo.Ama-algorithms okubona afana ne-zero forcing (ZF) ahlukanisa izimpawu zokuguquguquka kusukela ekuphazamisekeni kwamanye ama-antenna.
Njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni, ku-WiFi MU-MIMO, ukusakazwa kwedatha okuningi kudluliselwa ngasikhathi sinye kubasebenzisi abaningi kusuka kuma-antenna amaningi.
**Ukubhala Ngekhodi Kwesikhathi Sendawo**
Kule modi, kusetshenziswa izikimu zokufaka amakhodi ezikhethekile ngesikhathi sonke kanye nezinti uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ze-antenna eyodwa, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwehluka kwamasignali ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yizinga ledatha kumamukeli.Amakhodi esikhathi somkhathi athuthukisa ukuhlukahluka kwendawo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokulinganisa kwesiteshi kusithumeli esinama-antenna amaningi.
I-Concept Microwave ingumkhiqizi ochwepheshe wezingxenye ze-5G RF zezinhlelo ze-Antenna e-China, okuhlanganisa isihlungi se-RF lowpass, isihlungi se-highpass, isihlungi se-bandpass, isihlungi se-notch/i-band stop filter, i-duplexer, isihlukanisi samandla kanye ne-coupler eqondisayo.Zonke zingenziwa ngezifiso ngokuya ngezidingo zakho.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-29-2024