Uma ukubala kusondela emikhawulweni ebonakalayo yesivinini sewashi, siphendukela kuzakhiwo eziningi eziyinhloko. Lapho ukuxhumana kusondela emikhawulweni ebonakalayo yesivinini sokudlulisa, siphendukela ezinhlelweni ze-antenna eziningi. Yiziphi izinzuzo eziholele ososayensi nonjiniyela ekukhetheni ama-antenna amaningi njengesisekelo se-5G kanye nokunye ukuxhumana okungenantambo? Nakuba ukuhlukahluka kwendawo kwakuyisizathu sokuqala sokwengeza ama-antenna eziteshini eziyisisekelo, kwatholakala maphakathi nawo-1990 ukuthi ukufaka ama-antenna amaningi ohlangothini lwe-Tx kanye/noma lwe-Rx kwavula amanye amathuba ayengalindelekile ngezinhlelo ze-antenna eyodwa. Manje ake sichaze amasu amathathu amakhulu kulo mongo.
**Ukwenza imisebe**
I-Beamforming ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko lapho kusekelwe khona ungqimba olungokoqobo lwamanethiwekhi eselula e-5G. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene ze-beamforming:
Ukwakheka kwemisebe yakudala, okwaziwa nangokuthi i-Line-of-Sight (LoS) noma ukwakheka kwemisebe ngokomzimba
Ukwakheka kwemisebe okujwayelekile, okwaziwa nangokuthi i-Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) noma ukwakheka kwemisebe okubonakalayo
Umqondo ngemuva kwalezi zinhlobo zombili zokwenziwa kwe-beamforming ukusebenzisa ama-antenna amaningi ukuthuthukisa amandla esignali kumsebenzisi othile, ngenkathi kucindezela amasignali avela emithonjeni ephazamisayo. Njengomfanekiso, izihlungi zedijithali zishintsha okuqukethwe kwesignali kusizinda semvamisa enqubweni ebizwa ngokuthi ukuhlunga kwe-spectral. Ngendlela efanayo, ukwenza i-beamforming kushintsha okuqukethwe kwesignali kusizinda sendawo. Yingakho kubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlunga kwendawo.
Ukwakheka kwemisebe ngokomzimba kunomlando omude kuma-algorithms okucubungula isignali wezinhlelo ze-sonar neze-radar. Kukhiqiza imisebe yangempela esikhaleni sokudlulisa noma ukwamukela futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuhlobene eduze ne-angle yokufika (AoA) noma i-angle yokusuka (AoD) yesignali. Njengendlela i-OFDM edala ngayo imifudlana ehambisanayo esizindeni semvamisa, ukwakheka kwemisebe yakudala noma ngokomzimba kudala imisebe ehambisanayo esizindeni se-angular.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngendlela elula kakhulu yokwenziwa kwayo, ukwenza imisebe ejwayelekile noma ebonakalayo kusho ukudlulisa (noma ukwamukela) izimpawu ezifanayo ezivela ku-antenna ngayinye ye-Tx (noma i-Rx) ngezigaba ezifanele kanye nokuthola isisindo ukuze amandla esignali akhuliswe kumsebenzisi othile. Ngokungafani nokuqondisa umsebe ngokoqobo ohlangothini oluthile, ukudlulisa noma ukwamukela kwenzeka kuzo zonke izinkomba, kodwa isihluthulelo ukwengeza ngokwakhayo amakhophi amaningi esignali ohlangothini lokwamukela ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela yokushabalala kwezindlela eziningi.
**Ukuphindaphinda Kwendawo**
Kumodi ye-spatial multiplexing, umfudlana wedatha yokufaka uhlukaniswe ngemifudlana eminingi ehambisanayo endaweni yesikhala, bese umfudlana ngamunye udluliselwa ngamaketanga e-Tx ahlukene. Uma nje izindlela zesiteshi zifika zivela kuma-engeli ahlukene ngokwanele kuma-antenna e-Rx, cishe kungekho ukuxhumana, amasu okucubungula isignali yedijithali (i-DSP) angaguqula i-wireless medium ibe yiziteshi ezizimele ezihambisanayo. Le modi ye-MIMO ibilokhu iyisici esiyinhloko sokwanda kohlelo lwesilinganiso sedatha yezinhlelo zanamuhla ezingenantambo, njengoba ulwazi oluzimele ludluliselwa ngasikhathi sinye kusuka kuma-antenna amaningi nge-bandwidth efanayo. Ama-algorithms okuthola afana ne-zero forcing (ZF) ahlukanisa izimpawu zokuguquguquka ekuphazamisekeni kwamanye ama-antenna.
Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni, ku-WiFi MU-MIMO, ukusakazwa kwedatha okuningi kudluliselwa ngasikhathi sinye kubasebenzisi abaningi kusuka kuma-antenna amaningi okudlulisa.
**Ukubhala Amakhodi Esikhathi Sesikhala**
Kule modi, kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zokubhala ikhodi ezikhethekile phakathi nesikhathi kanye nama-antenna uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ze-antenna eyodwa, ukuthuthukisa ukuhlukahluka kwesignali yokwamukela ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yisilinganiso sedatha kumamukeli. Amakhodi esikhathi sesikhala athuthukisa ukuhlukahluka kwendawo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokulinganisa isiteshi ku-transmitter ene-antenna eziningi.
I-Concept Microwave ingumkhiqizi ochwepheshe wezingxenye ze-5G RF zezinhlelo ze-Antenna eShayina, okuhlanganisa isihlungi se-RF lowpass, isihlungi se-highpass, isihlungi se-bandpass, isihlungi se-notch/band stop, i-duplexer, i-Power divider kanye ne-directional coupler. Zonke zingenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokwezidingo zakho.
Siyakwamukela kuwebhu yethu:www.concept-mw.comnoma usithumelele i-imeyili ku:sales@concept-mw.com
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-29-2024