Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlunga be-Millimeter-wave (mmWave) buyingxenye ebalulekile ekuvumeleni ukuxhumana okungenantambo kwe-5G okujwayelekile, kodwa bubhekene nezinselele eziningi maqondana nobukhulu obubonakalayo, ukubekezelelana kokukhiqiza, kanye nokuqina kwezinga lokushisa.
Emkhakheni wokuxhumana okungenantambo kwe-5G okujwayelekile, ukugxila kwesikhathi esizayo kuzoshintshela ekusebenziseni amaza angaphezu kwama-20 GHz ngaphakathi kwe-mmWave spectrum ukuthuthukisa umthamo we-bandwidth, ekugcineni kukhuphule amazinga okudlulisa.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngenxa yamaza azo aphezulu kanye nokulahleka okukhulu kwendlela, amasignali e-mmWave adinga ama-antenna amancane. Lawa ma-antenna ahlanganiswe ndawonye ukuze akhe ama-antenna e-narrow-beam, high-gain array.
Enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko ekwakhiweni kwezihlungi ilele ekuzivumelaniseni nobukhulu be-antenna, ikakhulukazi ezihlungini ezisebenzisa imvamisa ephezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubekezelelana kokukhiqiza kanye nokuqina kwezinga lokushisa kwezihlungi kuthinta kakhulu zonke izici zomklamo womkhiqizo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwawo.
Izithiyo Zosayizi kubuchwepheshe be-mmWave
Ezinhlelweni zendabuko ze-antenna array, isikhala phakathi kwezinto kumele sibe ngaphansi kwengxenye yobude be-wavelength (λ/2) ukuze kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka. Lesi simiso sisebenza ngokufanayo kuma-antenna e-5G akhiqiza imisebe. Isibonelo, i-antenna esebenza ebhendini le-28 GHz inesikhala sezinto esingaba ngu-5 mm. Ngenxa yalokho, izingxenye ezingaphakathi kwe-array kumele zibe zincane kakhulu.
Ama-array ahlukaniswe ngezigaba asetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-mmWave avame ukusebenzisa ukwakheka kwesakhiwo esihleliwe, njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi, lapho ama-antenna (izindawo eziphuzi) efakwa khona kumabhodi wesekethe aphrintiwe (ama-PCB) (izindawo eziluhlaza), kanye namabhodi wesekethe (izindawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) angaxhunywa ngokuqondile ebhodini le-antenna.
Isikhala kula mabhodi wesekethe sesincane kakade, kodwa ubuchwepheshe obusha buhlola izakhiwo ezisicaba eziqinile, okusho ukuthi izihlungi namanye amabhlogo wesekethe kudingeka abe mancane kakhulu ukuze afakwe ngqo ngemuva kwe-PCB ye-antenna.
Umthelela Wokubekezelelana Kokukhiqiza Ezihlungini
Njengoba kunikezwe ukubaluleka kwezihlungi ze-mmWave, ukubekezelelana kokukhiqiza kudlala indima ebalulekile, kuthonya kokubili ukusebenza kwezihlungi kanye nezindleko.
Ukuze siqhubeke sihlola lezi zici, siqhathanise izindlela ezintathu ezihlukene zokukhiqiza izihlungi ze-26 GHz:
Ithebula elilandelayo lichaza ukubekezelelana okweqile okuvamile okuhlangatshezwana nakho ekukhiqizeni:
Umthelela Wokubekezelelana Kuzihlungi Ze-PCB Microstrip
Njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi, umklamo wesihlungi se-microstrip uyaboniswa.
Ijika lokulingisa lomklamo lingokulandelayo:
Ukuze kufundwe umphumela wokubekezelelana kulesi sihlungi se-PCB microstrip, kukhethwe ukubekezelelana okukhulu okungaba yisishiyagalombili, okwembula umehluko ophawulekayo.
Umthelela Wokubekezelelana Ezihlungini Ze-PCB Stripline
Umklamo wesihlungi se-stripline, oboniswe ngezansi, uyisakhiwo esinezigaba eziyisikhombisa esinamabhodi e-dielectric angu-30 mil RO3003 phezulu nangaphansi.
I-roll-off ayimi ndawonye, futhi i-coefficient engunxande ingaphansi kweye-microstrip ngenxa yokungabikho kwama-zero eduze kwe-passband, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-harmonic okungaphelele kuma-frequency akude.
Ngokufanayo, ukuhlaziywa kokubekezelelana kubonisa ukuzwela okungcono uma kuqhathaniswa nemigqa ye-microstrip.
Isiphetho
Ukuze ukuxhumana okungenantambo kwe-5G kufinyelele isivinini esisheshayo, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlunga be-mmWave obusebenza kumaza angu-20 GHz noma ngaphezulu bubalulekile. Kodwa-ke, izinselele ziyaqhubeka maqondana nobukhulu obubonakalayo, ukuzinza kokubekezelelana, kanye nobunzima bokukhiqiza.
Ngakho-ke, umthelela wokubekezelelana emiklamo kumele ucatshangelwe ngokucophelela. Kusobala ukuthi izihlungi ze-SMT zibonisa ukuzinza okukhulu kunezihlungi ze-microstrip kanye ne-stripline, okuphakamisa ukuthi izihlungi ze-SMT zokufaka phezulu zingase zivele njengokukhetha okujwayelekile kokuxhumana kwe-mmWave esikhathini esizayo.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-17-2024