Ubuchwepheshe besihlungi se-Millimeter-wave (mmWave) buyingxenye ebalulekile ekwenzeni ukuxhumana okungenantambo kwe-5G okujwayelekile, nokho kubhekane nezinselelo eziningi mayelana nobukhulu bomzimba, ukubekezelelana kokukhiqiza, kanye nokuzinza kwezinga lokushisa.
Emkhakheni wokuxhumana okungenantambo kwe-5G okujwayelekile, ukugxila esikhathini esizayo kuzodlulela ekusebenziseni amaza angaphezu kuka-20 GHz ngaphakathi kwe-mmWave spectrum ukuze kuthuthukiswe umthamo womkhawulokudonsa, ekugcineni kukhuphule amazinga okudlulisela.
Kwaziwa kahle ukuthi ngenxa yamafrikhwensi aphezulu kanye nokulahleka kwendlela enkulu, amasiginali we-mmWave adinga izimpondo ezincane. Lawa ma-antenna ahlanganiswe ndawonye ukuze akhe ama-antenna-awumngcingo, anenzuzo ephezulu.
Obunye bobunzima obuyinhloko ekwakhiweni kwesihlungi bulele ekuzivumelaniseni nobukhulu be-antenna, ikakhulukazi izihlungi zefrikhwensi ephezulu. Ukwengeza, ukubekezelelana kokukhiqiza nokuzinza kwezinga lokushisa kwezihlungi kuthinta kakhulu zonke izici zokwakheka nokukhiqizwa komkhiqizo.
Izingqinamba zosayizi ku-mmWave Technology
Kuzinhlelo ze-antenna zendabuko, isikhala phakathi kwezinto kufanele sibe ngaphansi kwesigamu sobude begagasi (λ/2) ukuze kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka. Lo mgomo usebenza ngokulinganayo kuma-antenna enza i-beamforming ye-5G. Isibonelo, uthi olusebenza kubhendi ye-28 GHz lunezikhala ezicishe zibe ngu-5 mm. Ngakho, izingxenye ezingaphakathi kwamalungu afanayo kufanele zibe zincane kakhulu.
Izigaba ezinezigaba ezisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-mmWave zivame ukwamukela idizayini yesakhiwo seplani, njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi, lapho izimpondo (izindawo eziphuzi) zifakwe emabhodini esekethe aphrintiwe (ama-PCB) (izindawo eziluhlaza), kanye namabhodi esekethe (izindawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) angaxhunywa ngokuqondile ibhodi le-antenna.
Isikhala kulawa mabhodi wesekethe sesivele sincane, kodwa ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa buhlola izakhiwo eziyisicaba ezihlangene, okusho ukuthi izihlungi namanye amabhlokhi wesekethe kudingeka abe mancane kakhulu ukuze afakwe ngqo ngemuva kwe-antenna PCB.
Umthelela Wokubekezelelana Kokukhiqiza Ezihlungini
Uma kubhekwa ukubaluleka kwezihlungi ze-mmWave, ukubekezelelana kokukhiqiza kudlala indima ebalulekile, kuthonya kokubili ukusebenza kwesihlungi kanye nezindleko.
Ukuqhubeka nokuphenya lezi zici, siqhathanise izindlela ezintathu ezihlukene zokukhiqiza izihlungi ze-26 GHz:
Ithebula elilandelayo libonisa ukubekezelelana okwedlulele okujwayelekile okuhlangatshezwana nakho ekukhiqizeni:
Ukubekezelela Impact kuzihlungi ze-PCB Microstrip
Njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi, idizayini yesihlungi se-microstrip iyaboniswa.
Ijika lokulingisa lokuklama imi kanje:
Ukutadisha umthelela wokubekezelelana kulesi sihlungi se-PCB microstrip, ukubekezelelana okungaba khona okuyisishiyagalombili okunamandla kakhulu kwakhethwa, okuveza umehluko ophawulekayo.
Ukubekezelela Umthelela Kuzihlungi Ze-PCB Stripline
Idizayini yesihlungi se-stripline, eboniswe ngezansi, iyisiteji esiyizigaba eziyisikhombisa esinamabhodi e-dielectric angu-30 mil RO3003 phezulu nangaphansi.
I-roll-off iwumqansa omncane, futhi i-coefficient engunxande ingaphansi kwaleyo ye-microstrip ngenxa yokungabi bikho kwamaziro eduze kwebhendi yokudlula, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuncane kwe-harmonic kumafrikhwensi akude.
Ngokufanayo, ukuhlaziywa kokubekezelelana kubonisa ukuzwela okungcono uma kuqhathaniswa nemigqa ye-microstrip.
Isiphetho
Ukuze ukuxhumana okungenantambo kwe-5G kufinyelele isivinini esisheshayo, ubuchwepheshe besihlungi se-mmWave obusebenza ku-20 GHz noma amafrikhwensi aphezulu bubalulekile. Kodwa-ke, izinselelo ziyaqhubeka ngokuya ngobukhulu bomzimba, ukuzinza kokubekezelelana, kanye nobunzima bokukhiqiza.
Ngakho-ke, umthelela wokubekezelela imiklamo kufanele ubhekwe ngokucophelela. Kusobala ukuthi izihlungi ze-SMT zibonisa ukuzinza okukhulu kunezihlungi ze-microstrip nezihlungi ze-stripline, okuphakamisa ukuthi izihlungi ze-SMT surface-mount zingavela njengenketho eyinhloko yezokuxhumana ze-mmWave zesikhathi esizayo.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-17-2024