Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana nge-quantum eShayina kuqhubekele phambili ngezigaba eziningana. Kusukela esigabeni sokucwaninga nokucwaninga ngo-1995, ngonyaka ka-2000, iShayina yayisiqede ukuhlolwa kokusabalalisa izihluthulelo ze-quantum okuthatha ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayi-1.1. Isikhathi kusukela ngo-2001 kuya ku-2005 kwakuyisigaba sokuthuthuka okusheshayo lapho kwenziwa khona ukuhlolwa kokusabalalisa izihluthulelo ze-quantum okuphumelelayo ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-50 kanye namakhilomitha ayi-125 [1].
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iShayina yenze intuthuko ebalulekile ekuxhumaneni kwe-quantum. IShayina yaba ngeyokuqala ukwethula isathelayithi yokuhlola isayensi ye-quantum, i-"Micius," futhi yakhe umugqa wokuxhumana ovikelekile we-quantum ohlanganisa izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha phakathi kweBeijing neShanghai. IShayina yakhe ngempumelelo inethiwekhi yokuxhumana ye-quantum ehlanganisiwe ukusuka emhlabeni kuya emkhathini enobubanzi obuphelele bamakhilomitha angu-4600. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, iShayina iphinde yathola intuthuko emangalisayo ekubalweni kwe-quantum. Isibonelo, iShayina ithuthukise iphrothokholi yokuqala emhlabeni yekhompyutha ye-photonic quantum, yakha ngempumelelo iphrothokholi ye-quantum computing "Jiuzhang" enama-photon angu-76, futhi yakha ngempumelelo iphrothokholi ye-quantum computing "Zu Chongzhi" ehlelwe kahle equkethe ama-qubit angu-62.
Ukusetshenziswa kwengxenye engasebenzi ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana kwe-quantum kubaluleke kakhulu. Isibonelo, amadivayisi anjenge-microwave attenuators, ama-directional couplers, ama-power dividers, ama-microwave filters, ama-phase shifters, kanye nama-microwave isolators angasetshenziswa. Lawa madivayisi asetshenziswa kakhulu ukucubungula nokulawula izimpawu ze-microwave ezikhiqizwa yi-quantum bits.
Ama-attenuator e-microwave anganciphisa amandla ezimpawu ze-microwave ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwezinye izingxenye zesistimu ngenxa yamandla esignali amaningi. Ama-couplers aqondisayo angahlukanisa izimpawu ze-microwave zibe izingxenye ezimbili, okwenza kube lula ukucubungula izimpawu eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Izihlungi ze-microwave zingahlunga izimpawu zamaza athile okuhlaziya nokucubungula izimpawu. Ama-Phase shifters angashintsha isigaba sezibonakaliso ze-microwave, esisetshenziselwa ukulawula isimo sama-quantum bits. Ama-Microwave isolators angaqinisekisa ukuthi izimpawu ze-microwave zisakazeka ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela, zivimbele ukubuyela emuva kwesignali nokuphazamiseka kwesistimu.
Kodwa-ke, lezi ziyingxenye nje yezingxenye ze-microwave ezingasebenzi ezingasetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni kwe-quantum. Izingxenye ezithile ezizosetshenziswa kuzodingeka zinqunywe ngokusekelwe ekwakhiweni nasezidingweni zesistimu ethile yokuxhumana kwe-quantum.
Umqondo unikeza uhla oluphelele lwezingxenye ze-microwave ezingasebenzi zokuxhumana kwe-quantum
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-01-2023